Cumulative lexicon to Dec. 24, 2004 Includes through end of Volume 1 Section 3 Sentence 98 Notes Nouns end in -u in the singular and -i or -im in the plural as noted with each noun. Verbs end in -o Adjectives end in -e or -er Adverbs end in -en Prepositions end in -ar Examples of usage will be found in the Tazhu to English section of the dictionary. ======= English to Tazhu ======== ============= A =============== abandon - fuetio [vb I] - run away, flee, desert able to - ableo takes infinitive argument "I can see" -> "Ku ablo viziro." about - konsa (concerning, toward) takes accusative accompany - par (prep) - along with, accompanying. See kombanio. Contrast with poa. accompany - kombanio [vb I] - to accompany, to stand beside, to be with. act - deneo [vb II] - to behave, to act, to comport onself in the manner described adj into noun -rtu (kale -> kalertu: kind -> kindness) after - veste - after, following after a while - later, after a while, in a while. delay measured in minutes or hours. after a while - veste verale chori - by and by, some day, in a while, after a while, eventually. Delay measured in days or weeks. all - ale allow - zineo [vb II] - to give permision, to allow, to permit allowed - meteo [vb II] - to be allowed or permitted (to ...) also - epe - too, in addition, ("in addition to" takes acc.) amount to - akreo [vb II] (come to, total up to, sum to) and - en, ena appear - speseo [vb II] - to be described as, to look like, to appear to be apple - elame adj as in apple tree - elame baraku apple - elamu arrive - prenteo [vb II] - to arrive in this place (see also paludeo - to BE in this place) articles, definite, indefinite and null; see grammar notes as ... as - an ... sum - with an adverb or adjective comparative "as ... as" EX: ... an ekute sum ... as fast as ... ask for - mandeo [vb II] - to request, to ask for at - lan - in or at the place named - at home, in school attend - yareo [vb II] - to attend, to go to (regularly) attractive - guze (pretty) ============= B =============== baby - babu ball - palu ball game - palefamu be - siro [vb III] - to be in the state described by the adjective that follows be - stimio [vb I] - to show or exhibit the trait described by the adjective be - esteo - [vb II] - is identical with. Equates one thing to another. This IS my ball. behave - deneo [vb II] - to behave, to act, to comport onself in the manner described believe - sezeo [vb II] - to believe, to hold an opinion that beside - par - prep. near, beside, next to beside - kombanio [vb I] - to accompany, to stand beside, to be with. best [adj] - kalese better [adj] - kalere big [adj] - ruge biggest [adj] - rugese bigger [adj] - rugere bird - shadaradinu - shadaru + dinu = tiny bird, baby bird, toy bird bird - shadaru (Specifically song bird, not applied to game birds, birds of prey, or domestic fowl like chickens or turkeys.) bird nest - teriagu book - haribu [n] boy - ladu bush - boshlu, (small tree or bush) but - mena - however by and by - veste verale chori - by and by, some day, in a while, after a while, eventually. Delay measured in days or weeks. ============= C =============== call - stiro [vb III] - to be named, to be called ... can - ableo [vb II] (able to) takes infinitive argument "I can see" -> "Ku ablo viziro." capture - praneo [vb II] - to catch, to capture, to enslave, to domesticate care - onoru [n] - care, respect, regard, responsibility care - onoreo [vb II] - to care for, to treat with respect, to handle responsibly = kaneo onoren. carefully - onoren [adv] - responsibly, carefully, respectfully cat - peru, peradinu (kitten) catch - praneo [vb II] - to catch, to capture, to enslave, to domesticate catch - trechio [vb I] - to catch up with or overtake, to draw even with. child - koshu [n](-im) come - revio [vb I] - to come, to come here. come - prenteo [vb II] - to arrive in this place (see also paludeo - to BE in this place) come to - akreo [vb II] (amount to, total up to, sum to) concerning - konsa (about toward) take accusative considerate - binye [adj] - kind, thoughful, considerate, generous cow - akleadu currently - tukronen - (adverb) currently, emphasizes that the action of the verb is right now. ============= D =============== dad - pada - father informal, daddy. daddy - pada - father informal, dad. daddy - paku - my pop, my dad - informal day - choru depart - huereo [vb II] - to leave describe - speseo [vb II] - to be described as, to look like, to appear to be desert - fuetio [vb I] - run away, abandon, flee different - daier [adj] - other, different as in "the other people" diminutive ending -dinu as in waggon = karu; toy waggon = karadinu direction - elar (to, toward, in the the direction of) Takes the dative discover - deskeo [vb II] - to find, discover distance - denzu distant - denze - far away dog - kopu doll - daliu domesticate - praneo [vb II] - to catch, to capture, to enslave, to domesticate drawing - razu [n](-im) - picture, photograph, drawing, generic image dress labisu (gown) drum - tamparu drum - tampeo [vb II] (to drum. to play a drum) during - pena - at the time of, when it was (see entry at pena for details) ============= E =============== enjoy - eromio [vb I] - to like to do, to enjoy doing, takes infinitive verb, NOT a noun. enjoy - emiseo [vb II] - to like or enjoy a thing. Takes acc. of the noun. enslave - praneo [vb II] - to catch, to capture, to enslave, to domesticate exhibit - stimio [vb I] - to show or exhibit a trait or quality. ============= F =============== far - denze - distant, far away far - uche denze - very far away far - denzashu - a distant place, somewhere far away fast - ekute - quick, rapid father - pada - informal, dad, daddy. father - paku - my pop, my dad - informal feed - tabuliro [vb III] - to feed (another, not oneself) field - kampu fifth - finsate (see numbers) find - deskeo [vb II] - to find, discover first - onate (see numbers) flee - fuetio [vb I] - run away, abandon, desert flower - chasku fly - fulio [vb I] (to fly) following - veste - after, following forbidden - prediro [vb III] - to be forbidden. Takes infinitive verb. forest - rumanu fourth - kwanate (see numbers) fresh - anle [adj] - new from - aba - [prep] - from, from within ============= G =============== game - famu generous - binye - kind, thoughful, considerate, generous gentle - nobire - gentlemanly gentleman - nobiru get - sipio [vb I] - to receive girl - kiru give - doneo [vb II] glad - pelseo [vb II] to be happy TO..., pleased TO.... glad to ... Takes infinitive verb EX: Babu pelselo viziro tekiri. glad - pelse (adj) glad - aside [adj] - happy, joyful glad - asideo [vb II] - to be happy or joyful. May take acc. noun or phrase. EX: Asido tena paludelo. I am glad that you are here. gladness - asidertu [n] - happiness, joy gladly - asiden [adv] happily, joyfully, gladly go - mutio [vb I] (move, go to ... with accusative) go - yareo [vb II] - to attend, to go to (regularly) good - bane [adj] - proper good - banen [adv] - properly, well good - kale [adj] - kind good morning - Emiseoko tesabu, or informal emisabu gown - labisu (dress) ============= H =============== handle - kaneo [vb II] - to treat or handle as in handle with care or treat with respect. happy - pelseo [vb II] to be happy TO..., pleased TO.... glad to ... Takes infinitive verb EX: Babu pelselo viziro tekiri. happy - pelse (adj) happy - aside [adj] - happy, joyful happy - asideo [vb II] - to be happy or joyful. May take acc. noun or phrase. EX: Asido tena paludelo. I am glad that you are here. happiness - asidertu [n] - happiness, joy happily - asiden [adv] happily, joyfully, gladly hat - harapu have - pozio [vb I] - to posses or have (not necessarily to own) he - 3rd p singular pronoun, nominative - tsu here - paludeo [vb II] - to be here, to be in this place. (archaic) high - kelsen (adverb, highly as in highly upon the tree) high - kelse - adjective his - natsu (of his) home - devu horse - ruku how - nere - in the manner, in the way, how. Never used in a question. however - mena - but how many - kwanive how much - kwen - preceeds an adverb and asks how much, how many, in what degree, etc. hundred - onakua (see numbers) ============= I =============== I - ku 1st p singular pronoun image - razu [n](-im) - picture, photograph, drawing, generic image in - lan - in or at the place named - at home, in school in - lentar (prep) within, inside of. Takes accusative. in a while - later, after a while, in a while. delay measured in minutes or hours. in a while - veste verale chori - by and by, some day, in a while, after a while, eventually. Delay measured in days or weeks. in order to - dina (in order to be able to, so that) inside - lentar (prep) within, inside of. Takes accusative. inside - lentreo [vb II] - to be within, to be inside of is not - nistimio [vb I] - ni + stimio - does not exhibit trait it - pronoun, nom: tu, acc: eta ============= J =============== joy - aside [adj] - happy, joyful joy - asideo [vb II] - to be happy or joyful. May take acc. noun or phrase. joyfulness - asidertu [n] - happiness, joy joyfully - asiden [adv] happily, joyfully, gladly jump - taltiro [vb III] - to jump, to leap ============= K =============== keep - resteo [vb II] - to keep, to retain. kind - kale - good kind - nobire - gentle, gentlemanly kind - binye - kind, thoughful, considerate, generous kindness - kalertu (goodness) kite - eliantu kitten - peradinu ============= L =============== lad - ladu large - ruge later - later, after a while, in a while. delay measured in minutes or hours. leap - taltiro [vb III] - to jump, to leap leave - huereo [vb II] - to leave, depart like - eromio [vb I] - to like to do, to enjoy doing, takes infinitive verb, NOT a noun. like - emiseo [vb II] - to like or enjoy a thing. Takes acc. of the noun. little - tizne [adj] - small, tiny look at - viziro [vb III] (to see, to look at, to observe) look like - speseo [vb II] - to be described as, to look like, to appear to be love - yameo [vb II] - to love ============= M =============== man - andru me - kua - accusative of the first person singular pronoun me - ku 1st p singular pronoun in all cases mom - madu - mother informal, mom, mum mother - madu - mother informal, mom, mum move - mutio [vb I] (move, go to ... with accusative) much - uche - very mum - madu - mother informal, mom, mum must - milio [vb I] - To need to or be required to do somthing. Takes infinitive verb ONLY. must - nopio [vb I] - to need, to required a thing. Takes noun in the accusative ONLY. ============= N =============== name - stiro [vb III] - to be named, to be called ... name - stiru [n](-im) - name near - par - prep. near, beside, next to need - milio [vb I] - To need to or be required to do somthing. Takes infinitive verb ONLY. need - nopio [vb I] - to need, to required a thing. Takes noun in the accusative ONLY. needed - milier [adj] nest - teriagu - bird nest new - anle [adj] - fresh next to - par - prep. near, beside, next to nicely - guzen (pleasantly) no - ne noble - nobire - gentle, gentlemanly not upon - nisopreo [vb II] - ni + sopreo - is not upon ... ============= O =============== observe - viziro [vb III] (to see, to look at, to observe) once - onachu once - Idiom: Once upon a time - sente kronu one - ona (see numbers) one - sente - one - Used idomatically in time phrases: EX: sente sabu - one morning, sente choru - one day opine - believe - sezeo [vb II] - to believe, to hold an opinion that other - daier [adj] - other, different as in "the other people" other - daieru [n](-i) the other(s) overtake - trechio [vb I] - to catch up with or overtake, to draw even with. ============= P =============== permit - zineo [vb II] - to give permision, to allow, to permit permitted - meteo [vb II] - to be allowed or permitted (to ...) pet - talene (adj) - pet, use adjective form in phrases like talene kopu. pet - talenu [n](-i) - pet, domestic animal. photograph - razu [n](-im) - picture, photograph, drawing, generic image picture - razu [n](-im) - picture, photograph, drawing, generic image play - fameo [vb II] (as in play a game) see also choeo. play - spilio [vb I] - to play, as on a musical intrument. play - choeo [vb II] - to play with. takes acc of the thing or person played with. pleasantly - guzen (nicely) posses - pozio [vb I] - to posses or have (not necessarily to own) possesive pronoun of mine: naku or -ku on end of verb pretty - guze (attractive) proper - bane [adj] - good properly [adv] - uchen - properly, very well properly [adv] - banen - well ============= Q =============== question particle - kiwa quick - ekute - fast, rapid quickly - ekuten - rapidly ============= R =============== rapid - ekute - quick, fast rapidly - ekuten - quickly read - regeo [vb II] - to read receive - sipio [vb I] - to receive, to get red - lozhe red - lozhu - red one (when it stands for a noun as in "I see the red one." "Vizo telozhu.") redness - lozhertu request - mandeo [vb II] - to request, to ask for require - milio [vb I] - To need to or be required to do somthing. Takes infinitive verb ONLY. require - nopio [vb I] - to need, to required a thing. Takes noun in the accusative ONLY. required - milier [adj] respect - onoru [n] - care, respect, regard, responsibility respectful - onoreo [vb II] - to treat with respect, to handle responsibly = kaneo onoren. respectfully - onoren [adv] - responsibly, carefully, respectfully retain - resteo [vb II] - to keep, to retain. ride - baseneo [vb II] - to ride within, to ride upon, as a passenger, not as a driver or pilot right now - tukronen - (adverb) currently, emphasizes that the action of the verb is right now. rose - galu - the flower. run - vileo [vb II] run away - fuetio [vb I] - run away, abandon, flee, desert ============= S =============== say - udio [vb I] - to say scholar - ekolu [n] - scholar, student scholarly - ekoler [adj] school - ekolariu [n](-im) - school, specifically, the place, the buildings. second - tosate (see numbers) see - viziro [vb III] (to see, to look at, to observe) she - 3rd p singular nominative - selu or elu show - stimio [vb I] - to show or exhibit a trait or quality. sit - derio - [vb I] to sit, to be seated slowly - renden small - tizne - little so that - dina (in order to be able to) some - verale - some, an unspecified number some - verali - some of them, noun form when used like a noun some day - veste verale chori - by and by, some day, in a while, after a while, eventually. Delay measured in days or weeks. songbird - shadaru (Not usually applied to game birds, birds of prey, or domestic fowl.) student - ekolu [n] - scholar, student study - ekolio [vb I] - to study sum to - akreo [vb II] (come to, total up to, amount to) ============= T =============== take - numio [vb I] - to take (as in accept or take something away from) take - parneo [vb II] - to take along, to bring with, to carry. (Not take as in take from or accept.) them - tia - them, accusative plural of eta - it. then - saden - then, in that case. used with yava therefore - saden - then, in that case. these - shi they - ti 3rd p plural pronoun - nominative think - believe - sezeo [vb II] - to believe, to hold an opinion that (not in the sense of cogitation) third - kirsate (see numbers) this - sha thoughtful - binye - kind, thoughful, considerate, generous thousand - podanua (see numbers) time - kronu time - pena - during, at the time of, when it was (see entry at pena for details) tiny - tizne to - elar (to, toward, in the the direction of) Takes the dative too - epe - too, in addition, ("in addition to" takes acc.) too much - faruche total up to - akreo [vb II] (come to, amount to, sum to) toward - elar (to, toward, in the the direction of) Takes the dative toward - konsa (concerning, about) takes accusative treat - kaneo [vb II] - to treat or handle as in handle with care or treat with respect. tree - baraku (large tree) boshlu (small tree or bush) ============= U =============== unable to - niableo [vb II] - ni + ableo = not able (to ...) upon - sopreo [vb II] - to be upon upon - sopar (prep) ============= V =============== verb tense prefix future tense - le- verb tense prefix past tense - go- verb tense prefix "have" ha- (vizo - to see, havisio - to have seen) very - uche - much ============= W =============== wagon - kardu, karadinu (diminutive) we - ki 1st p plural pronoun wear - esabeo [vb II] - to wear (as clothing) well [adv] - bane - well, properly well [adv] - uchen - very well, properly, responsibly when - yava - when, as in if and when, or under the condition that... whip - pelechio [vb I] - to whip whip - pelechiu with - par - along with, accompanying. Takes accusative. See kombanio. Contrast with poa. with - kombanio [vb I] - to accompany, to stand beside, to be with. with - poa but only in the sense of qualifying a manner of action of some verb as in "treat with respect", "proceed with caution", or "handle with care." Takes the dative. within - lentar - within prep form of lentreo. Takes accusative. within - lentreo [vb II]- to be within, to be inside of woods - rumanu would - anji- verb prefix "would". anjipelso - I would be happy. write - skrio [vb I] - to write ============= X =============== ============= Y =============== yellow - yane yellow - yanu - yellow one (when it stands for a noun as in "I see the yellow one." "Vizo teyanu.") yellowness - yanertu yes - yena you - vu 1st p sigular pronoun ============= Z =============== ====== Tazhu to English ======= -ashu - suffix to an adjective meaning a place that is described by that adjective EX: denzashu - a far away place, a distant land. -dinu - diminutive or toy version of a thing -re on -e adjective. Comparative degree, better, faster, stronger. -se on -e adjectives. Comparative degree best, fastest, strongest. -riu (-rim) - suffix to a noun or verb stem to indicate a place, usually an enclosed public space, where the thing or activity is found. EX: ekolu - scholar, student -> ekolariu - school -rtu (pl. -rti) This suffix turns and adjective into the equivalent noun. EX: kale (good, kind) becomes kalertu (goodness, kindness). -uso first person plural verb ending ============= A =============== aba - [prep] - from, from within ableo [vb II] - can, able (to ...) Ableo takes infinitive argument EX: "I can see" -> "Ku ablo viziro." akleadu = cow akreo [vb II] - amount to, come to, total up to, sum to ale - all an ... sum - with an adverb or adjective comparative "as ... as" EX: Ablero taltiro an kelsen sum sha? - Can you jump as high as this? EX: .. an lozhe sum ... - ... as red as ... andru - man anji- verb prefix "would". anjipelso - I would be happy. anle [adj] - new, fresh aside [adj] - happy, joyful asideo [vb II] - to be happy or joyful. asidertu [n] - happiness, joy asiden [adv] happily, joyfully, gladly ============= B =============== babu - baby bane - good, proper banen [adv] - well, properly baraku - large tree baseneo [vb II] - to ride within, to ride upon, as a passenger, not as a driver or pilot binye - kind, thoughful, considerate, generous boshlu - small tree or bush NOTE: By convention things are IN a bush but ON a tree. ============= C =============== chasku - flower choeo [vb II] - play with (see also "fameo") EX: "with" is implied by the accusative. Choito tebalu. He plays with the ball. choru - day ============= D =============== daier [adj] - other, different EX: Paludesto daier koshim. - The other children are here. daieru [n](-i) - the other(s) daliu - doll dasa - definite article singular nominative deneo [vb II] - to behave, to act, to comport onself in the manner described Takes an adjective or a clause that stands for an adjective denzashu - a distant place, somewhere far away = denze + (a)shu denze - distant denzen [adv] - far, a long ways as in "to jump distantly" - to jump a long distance denzu - distance derio [vb I] - to sit, to be seated deskeo [vb II] - to find, discover devu - home dina - in order to, to be able to. Normally takes a clause EX: Reviako par kua dina vizinyo teladi. do- the dative of the definite article. doneo [vb II] - to give ============= E =============== ekolariu [n](-im) - school, specifically, the place, the buildings. ekoler [adj] - scholarly ekolio [vb I] - to study ekolu [n] - scholar, student ekute - quick, fast, rapid ekuten - quickly, rapidly elar - to, toward, in the the direction of. Takes the dative EX: Parneoko teharapu elar toandru. elame - adj. form of elamu - apple EX: Elame baraku - apple tree elamu - apple eliantu - kite elu - she (in the nominative) - also "selu" in older usage. emiseo [vb II] - to like or enjoy a thing. Takes acc. of the noun. See also eromio Emiso elami. en - and - alternate spelling ena - and epe - also, in addition, ("in addition to" takes acc.) eromio [vb I] - to like to do, to enjoy doing, takes infinitive verb, NOT a noun. (see emesio) EX: Eromo taltiro. I like to jump. esabeo [vb II] - to wear (as clothing) esteo [vb II] - to be in the sense of is identical with. Equates one thing to another. EX: Sha esito balu naku. This is my ball. eta = it (in the accusative) ============= F =============== fameo [vb II] - to play (a game) See also choeo When fameo takes an object it must be the name of the game or the type of game EX: "play chess" or "play a card game". famu - game faruche - too much EX: Nikwabeoko kelsen faruche. - don't climb too high. finsate - fifth (see numbers) fuetio [vb I] - run away, abandon, flee, desert fulio [vb I] - to fly ============= G =============== galu - rose, the flower. go- past tense verb prefix guze - pretty, attractive guzen - nicely, pleasantly ============= H =============== ha- (had- if verb begins with a vowel) prefix to verb. haviziro - have seen harapu - hat haribu [n](-i) - book he- the accusative of the non-article that is used to mark case when no article is appropriate. ho- the dative of the non-article. (se he-) huereo [vb II] - to leave, depart ============= I =============== ============= J =============== ============= K =============== kale [adj] - good, kind kalere [adj] - better kalese [adj] - best kampu - field kaneo [vb II] - to treat or handle as in handle with care or treat with respect. karadinu - karu + dinu = small waggon, toy waggon karu - wagon kelse - high adjective kelsen - adverb, highly as in highly upon the tree ki - we - plural of ku kirsate - third (see numbers) kiru - girl kiwa - begins a sentence which is a question. kombanio [vb I] - to accompany, to stand beside, to be with. konsa - toward, concerning. Takes accusative. kopu [n](-i) - dog koshu [n](-im) - child kronu - time ku = I, me (usually optional in nominative) kua - he + ku accusative of the first person singular pronoun kuan - dative of ku kwabeo [vb II] - to climb kwanate - fourth (see numbers) kwanive - how many kwen - preceeds an adverb and asks how much, how many, in what degree, etc. ============= L =============== labisu - dress, gown. ladu [n](-i, -im) - boy, lad - use either plural form but -im is more modern. lan - in or at the place named EX: Lan devu... at home le- future tense prefix on a verb lentar - within prep form of lentreo. Takes accusative. lentreo [vb II] - to be within lozhe - red lozhertu - lozhe + rtu - redness lozhu (lozhi) - red one - When it stands for a noun as in EX: Vizo telozhu. - I see the red one. ============= M =============== madu - mother, mom, mum informal maduku - my mom, informal mandeo [vb II] - to request, to ask for mena - but, however meteo [vb II] - to be allowed or permitted (to ...) milier [adj] - required, needed. milio [vb I] - to be required to, to need to, takes infinitive verb. Never takes a noun. To need or to require a thing use nopio morning - sabu mutio [vb I] - go, move. Go to ... with accusative. ============= N =============== naku - of mine nasela - of hers natsu - of his navu - of yours ne - no nere - in the manner, in the way, how EX: Deno nere denelo. I behave like you behave. ni - un- prefix to a verb to negate the meaning. niableo [vb II] - ni + ableo = not able (to ...) nisopreo [vb II] - ni + sopreo - is not upon ... nistimio [vb I] - ni + stimio - does not exhibit trait nobire - gentle, gentlemanly, noble nobiru - gentleman nopio [vb I] - to need, to required a thing. Takes noun in the accusative ONLY. Never takes a verb. To need or require some action use milio. numio [vb I] - to take (as in accept or take something away from) ============= O =============== ona - one (see numbers) onakua - hundred (see numbers) onate - first (see numbers) onoreo [vb II] - to treat with respect, to handle responsibly = kaneo onoren. onoru [n] - care, respect, regard, responsibility onoren [adv] - responsibly, carefully, respectfully ============= P =============== pada - father informal, daddy, dad. paku - my pop, my dad, my daddy - informal palefamu = ball game palu = ball paludeo [vb II] - to be here, to be in this place. par - along with, accompanying. Takes acc. See kombanio. Contrast with poa. par - prep. near, beside, next to parneo [vb II] - take to, bring to, carry to. (Not take as in take from or accept.) pelechio [vb I] - to whip pelechiu - whip pelse - happy (adj) pelseo [vb II] - is happy (to ...) takes infinitive verb pena - during, at the time of, when it was EX: Govizo sela pena onate sabu. - I saw her (when it was) this morning. EX: Veste pena ... - after that time - idiom peru - cat peradinu - kitten poa - with, but only in the sense of qualifying a manner of action of some verb as in "treat with respect", "proceed with caution", or "handle with care." Takes an adjective or, rarely, the dative of a noun such as "kindness". podanua - thousand (see numbers) pozio [vb I] - to posses or have (not necessarily to own) praneo [vb II] - to catch, to capture, to enslave, to domesticate prediro - to be forbidden. Takes infinitive verb. prenteo [vb II] - to arrive in this place (see also paludeo - to BE in this place) ============= Q =============== ============= R =============== razu [n](-im) - picture, photograph, drawing, generic image regeo [vb II] - to read renden - slowly resteo [vb II] - to keep, to retain. revio [vb I] - to come, to come here. ruge - large, big ruku - horse rumanu - forest, woods ============= S =============== sa- - indefinite article in the accusative. sabu - morning - onate sabu - this morning Mornings are numbered backwards from this morning with ordinal numbers. EX: Onate sabu - this morning EX: Tosate sabu - yesterday morning. saden - then, in that case. Used with yava. selu - she (in the nominative) - also "elu" in more recent usage. sente - one - Used idomatically in time phrases: EX: sente sabu - one morning, sente choru - one day EX: sente kronu - once upon a time. sezeo [vb II] - to believe, to hold an opinion that EX: Sezo tena sinyo guze. I think that you are pretty. sha - this When it stands for a noun it takes a noun ending EX: Shau reveso. This one comes. EX: Shau steno John. This one is called John. (This is John.) shi - these shadaradinu - shadaru + dinu = tiny bird, baby bird, toy bird shadaru - bird (Specifically song bird, not applied to game birds, birds of prey, or domestic fowl like chickens or turkeys.) sipio [vb I] - to receive, to get siro [vb III] - to be in the state named by the following adjective EX: So kale. - I am kind. skrio [vb I] - to write sopar - upon (prep) sopreo [vb II] - to be upon speseo [vb II] - to be described as, to look like, to appear to be spilio [vb I] - to play, as on a musical intrument. stimio [vb I] - to show or exhibit a trait or quality. stiro [vb III] - to be named, to be called ... stiru [n](-im) - name ============= T =============== tabuliro [vb III] - to feed (another, not oneself) talene (adj) - pet, use adjective form in phrases like talene kopu. talenu [n](-i) - pet, domestic animal. taltiro [vb III] - to jump, to leap tamparu - drum tampeo [vb II] - to drum. to play a drum te- - definite article accusative singular tena - that. Introduces a clause in the accusative. EX: Kiwa pelselo TENA paku godonito eta kuan? Are you happy THAT he gave it to me? EX: Andru vizeno TENA ladu vilito. The man can see THAT the boy is running. EX: Viziko TENA kopu vilito! See the dog run! See THAT the dog is running. EX: Andru TENA pozeso harapu, pozeso seakleadu. The man THAT (he) has a hat, has a cow. EX: Pelso TENA akleadi niablo fulio. I am happy THAT cows can't fly. teriagu - bird nest ti - they tia - them acc. of ti - they tizne - small, tiny, little tona - introduces a clause in the dative EX: Doneoko tepalu tona kiru lentar tekaru. tosate - second (see numbers) trechio [vb I] - to catch up with or overtake, to draw even with. tsu = he (in the nominative) If it is desired to emphasize "he" the pronoun is used. tukronen - (adverb) currently, emphasizes that the action of the verb is right now. ============= U =============== uche - much, very EX: uche denze - very distant. EX: uche denzu - much distance. uchen [adv] - very well, properly udio [vb I] - to say ============= V =============== verale - some, an unspecified number verali - some of them. Used like a noun. vesta kronu - later, after a while, in a while. delay measured in minutes or hours. veste - after, following veste verale chori - by and by, some day, in a while, after a while, eventually. Delay measured in days or weeks. vileo [vb II] - to run viziro [vb III] - to see First person singular of viziro is vizo. vu - you singular ============= W =============== ============= X =============== ============= Y =============== yameo [vb II] - to love yareo [vb II] - to attend, to go to (regularly) yane - yellow yanertu - yellowness yanu - yellow one (when it stands for a noun as in "I see the yellow one." "Vizo teyanu.") yava - when, as in if and when, or under the condition that... EX: Yava pozero tepalu saden doneoko eta kuan. If you have the ball then give it to me. EX: Doneoko tepalu kuan, yava pozero eta. Give me the ball, if you have it. yena - yes. same as yina, yin. yina - yes, yup, ja. informal. yin - equivalent to yina. Often in the idiomatic "Ho yin!" "Oh yeah!" or "Alright!" ============= Z =============== zineo [vb II] - to give permision, to allow, to permit Tazhu Numbers -- cardinal The -a ending turns to -e when used as an adjective and to -u/-i when used like a pronoun as in "one of them" = "onu", "two of them" = "tosi", etc. Ordinal numbers get the suffix -te. EX: kirsate - third. -chu ending is once, twice, thrice, ... 0 - zota 1 - ona 2 - tosa 3 - kirsa 4 - kwana 5 - finsa 6 - sepa 7 - yena 8 - vida 9 - raza 10 - disa 11 - diona 12 - ditosa 13 - dikirsa 14 - dikwana ... 20 - todisa 21 - todiona 22 - toditosa 23 - todikirsa 24 - todikwana 25 - todifinsa ... 30 - kirdisa 31 - kirdiona 32 - kirditosa 33 - kirdikirsa 34 - kirdikwana ... 40 - kwandisa 41 - kwandiona 42 - kwanditosa 43 - kwandikirsa ... 50 - findisa 51 - findiona 52 - finditosa 53 - findikirsa 54 - findisuana 55 - findifinsa 56 - findisepa ... 60 - sepdisa 61 - sepdiona 62 - sepditosa 63 - sepdikirsa 64 - sepdikwana 65 - sepdifinsa 66 - sepdisepa 67 - sepdiyena 68 - sepdivida 69 - sepdiraza 70 - yendisa 71 - yendiona 72 - yenditosa ... 80 - vidisa 87 - vidiyena 90 - razdisa 100 - onakua 101 - onakua ona (or ona zota ona) 102 - onakua tosa 110 - onakua disa 111 - onakua diona 127 - onakua todiyena 200 - tosakua 274 - tosakua yendikwana 349 - kirsakua kwandiraza 477 - kwanakua yendiyena 531 - finsakua kirdiona 628 - sepakua todivida 741 - yenakua kwandiona 866 - vidakua sepdisepa 901 - razakua ona 1000 - disakua ( or ona podanua ) 2000 - todisakua ( or tosa podanua ) 3000 - kirdisakua ( or kirsa podanua ) 3512 - kirdisakua finsakua ditosa = 3 thousand 5 hundred twelve or kirdifinsakua ditosa = 35 hundred twelve or kirsa podanua finakua ditosa 7000 - yena podanua ( or yendisakua ) 10,000 - disa podanua (only) 100,000 - onakua podanua and so on.